The ten shapes are Ingest (batch), Incremental append, CDC merge, SCD Type 2, Snapshot, Backfill, Late-arriving, Dedupe / conform, Aggregation / gold and Reverse ETL.
Together they cover landing raw data, keeping it current, keeping history, re-running the past, handling data that arrives late, cleaning it into silver, building gold metrics for BI and pushing results back to business applications. Most real pipelines chain several of them, such as ingest to bronze, dedupe to silver and aggregation to gold.
Each shape has its own page with what it does, when to use it, how its template is tested and notes for each platform.